World History Overview
THESE ARE THE MAIN THINGS YOUR CHILDREN SHOULD KNOW
If the time period are unclear the following should be of help.
Greek= time of Greece
Rome= time of Rome
MA= The middle ages
IT= Italian Renaissance (refers more to art)
B= Baroque Time (refers more to art)
E= The Enlightenment
R= The Romaticism time (refers more to art)
20th= The Twentieth Century
BC
4000 - Adam and Eve
3910 - Cain and Abel
3780 - Enoch went to Heaven
3200 - Unification of Egypt under Menes Summerians 1st to use writing to draw the wheel
3000 - Babalonians invent abacus
Minoan culture begins (Greek)
2815 Egyptian civilization begins
2780 - Imhotep designs 1st pyramid
2756 - Cheops of Khufu
2700 - Cheops rules Egypt builds Great Pyramids at Giza
2344 - Noah’s Flood
2200-2050-First Intermediate Period in Egypt
2218 - Tower of Babel
2091-Call of Abram
2080-Hagar and Ishmael
2060-Birth of Isaac
2050-1800-Middle Kingdom in Egypt
2000- Dorian and Ionians begin to settle in Greece
1917 - Abraham and Lot pick land
1910 - Ishmael born
1900- HSIA Dynasty (China)
1898 - Sodom and Gammorah Joseph sold into slavery
1895 - Issac born
1885 - Joseph made second in command
1878 - Seven years of famine
1876 - Jacob and family move to Egypt
1871 - Issac as sacrafice
1857 - Issac marries Rebeka
1853 - Jacob and Esau born
1805 - Death of Joseph
1800-1570-Second Intermediat Period in Egypt
1792-1750-Code of Hammurabi
1760 - Jacob deceives father Jacob marries Rachel
1739 - Jacob returns home
1730-1570-Hykos invasion of Egypt
1685 - Jacob dies
1650- Shang Dynasty ( China)
1635 - Moses born
1600-1200 Mycenaean culture begins (Greek)
1570-1300- Early New Kingdom in Egypt
1505-1484 - Queen Hateshepsut
1492 - Queen Hateshepsut sends out a trading Expedition to land of Punt
1484-1461 - Thutmose I
1479 - Battle of Megiddo
1450 - Amenhotep II
1425 - Time of Judges in the Bible
1400- Yin Dynasty (China)
1420-1379 - Amenhotep III
1361-1344- Amenhotep IV also known as Akhnaton
1347-1335 - King Tutankhamen
1320 - Rameses I
1300-1090- Later New Kingdom in Egypt
1300 - Syrians developed their own way of writing
1292-1225 - Rameses II
1249 - Gideon
1250 - Moses leads Isrealites out of Egypt
1232 - Isrealites in Canaan are defeated by Egyptians under Memeptah son of Ramses II
1200-1167 - Rameses III
1200 - Fall of Troy
1200-1000- Phoenician Civilization and the Alphabet
1143 - Sampson Born
1141 - War with the Phillistines
1120 - Delilah tricks him
1095 - Saul annointed King
1063 - David and Goliath
1062 - Saul seeks David
1050- Chou Dynasty
1020 - Samuel last of the Judges annointed by King Saul
1011-971- Davidic Kingdom
1000 - Death of Saul
1000-960 - David King of Judah
971-931- Solomon’s Reign
960-931 - Solomon kingdom divided his sons Jeroboam and Judah
931- Israel divides into two kingdoms
900-625 - Assyria and Babylon constantly at war
825- Lycurgus
814 - Phoenicians found Carthage
800 - Homers Illiad and Odyssey
700 - Coins are used in Lydia (Turkey) for buying and sellng
700-601- Acropolis begun in Athens, Theater built at Delphi (Greek)
776 - 1st Olympics (Greek)
753 - Foundation of Rome
740- Prophets of God
715-672- Numa Pompilius
700 - Homers Poems
650 - Aesops born
838-559- Draco and Solon
650?- Horatii and the Curiatii
616-510- The Taquines
605-527- Pisistratus the tyrant
603 - Daniel’s dream
600 - Pharoah Necho II of Egypt sent expedition to explore the coast of Africa
Doric style develops in Ionic (Greek)
600-501-Temple of Apollo at Corinth built Temple of Olympian Zeus at Athens built (Greek)
581- Pythagoras, a mathematician, born (Greek)
580 - Nebuchandnezzer constructs hanging gardens in Babylon
555—540-Early Archaic period (Greek)
551 - Birth of Confusious
550- Confucius
536 - Cyrus sends Jews to Jeruselum
530- The Basilica built in Paestum, Italy (Greek)
530-468- Aristides the Just
519-439- Cincinnatus
518 - Queen Ester
516 - Aesops dies
514?-453- Themistocles
509- Junius Brutus ( consul) (Rome)
Horatius
Mucius the Left-handed
500-450- Coriolanus
500-477- The Fabii
500 - Pythagoras discusses his mathematical theory
507-449- Cimon ( Greek)
509- Latin populace of Rome drive out Etruscans; Roman Republic is established and Republic period begins.
508-Democracy begins in Athens
500-Pericles, a statesman, born
Theseum built in Athens
Phidias, a sculptor, born (Greek)
500-480- Persian wars
500-451- Classical Period of pottery
498- First Temple of Saturn built (Greek)
497 - death of Pythagoras
497-492 - Darius conquers Greece
495-429- Pericles
490-480- Late Archaic period
490- Miltiades the Hero of Marathon
490-479- Greeks defeat invading Persians in several battles
490 – Marathon
480- Athens burned, Acropolis destroyed
Myron, a sculptor, born (Greek)
478- Marble Temple of Apollo built at Delphi (Greek)
Charioteer of Delphi sculpted
Civil War between Athens and Sparta
477-431- The Golden Age of Greece
476- Death of last Roman Emperor
469-399 – Socrates
461-340 - Pericles in power in Athens
460 - 1st Peleponnesian War between Athens and Sparta Birth of Hippocrates Greek Physician the father of medicine.
460- Temple of Zeus built at Olympia
ca 450- Polyclitus, a sculptor, lives
450-359 – Herodotus, draws map of the world
Temple of Theseus built at Athens
Laws of the Twelve Tables are set down in writing (Rome)
450- 322- Time of the Greek philosophers
450-404- Alcibiades
448- Acropolis rebuilt at Athens
447 - Construction of Partheon at Athens
445 - Nehemiah rebuild walls of Jeruselum
431-404 - Peloponnesian War
430-423- Plague kills about 1/3 of the Athenian population
430-357- Epaminondas and Pelopidas
429-347 - Plato
424-404 - Darius II of Persia
407- Erechtheum on the Acropolis at Athens finished
400-330- Praxiteles, a sculptor, lives
390- Gauls burn Rome
399 - Execution of Socrate
?-395- Lysander
390 - Sack of Rome by Gauls
387 - Plato establishes academy in Athens
?-384- Manlius Torquatus (died 384)
384-322-Demosthenes
384-322 - Aritstotle (greek philosopher)
382-336- Philip II of Macedon controls all of Greece
?-365- Camillus died
356-333- Alexander the Great
338- Macedonians, led by Philip II, defeat Greeks
338-330 - Darius III
336-323 - Alexander the Great conquers Persian Empire
335 - Aristotle writes important scientific books
334- 326- Alexander the Great, Philip II’s son. forms empire, spreads Greek ideas
332- Alexander the Great Conquers Egypt
323 - Ptolemy ruled Egypt
Birth of Euclid (greek philosopher)
323- Hellenistic Age begins with Alexander’s death
323-276 - Wars of control of Alexanders empire
318-272- Pyrrhus
287-212 - Birth of Archimedes who invented many important mechanical devices
using screws and levers
283- Ptolemy
?-280-Appius Claudius Caecus
274-241 - Syrians Wars I and II
270 - Rome in control of Greece
264-146 – Rome overtakes Carthage in Punic Wars; begins overseas expansion to include all of Italy, entire
European Mediterranean coast, and part of North Africa
?-250- Regulus died
250 - Hebrews translate scriptures to Greek
architectural advances in Rome
236-220- Cleomenes III (Greek)
234-149- Scipio Africanus
Cato the Censor
218-201 - 2nd Punic Wars
214 - Great Wall of China
200- T’s in Dynasty
163-121- The Gracchi
155-86- Marius
150- Han Dynasty
149-146 - 3rd Punic War destruction of Carthage
146- Rome conquers Greece
167 - Antiochus IV persecutes the Jews
138-78- Sulla
106-48 - Pompey
106 - Cicero born
102-43- Cicero
100-44 - Julius Ceasar born
ca. 100 - Economics problems plague the Republic (Rome)
88- Sulla becomes dictator; restores stability to government and strengthens the Senate (Rome)
73-71 - Spartacus leads slave revolt crushed by Pompey and Crassus
63-14 AD- Augustus
60 - Triumvirate of Caesar Pompey and Crassus to rule Rome
58-51 Julius Caesar conquers Gaul, later becomes sole ruler of Roman world; Romans invade Britain
51-30 - Cleopatra rules
48 - Pompey murdered in Egypt
44 - Julius Caesar dictator Octavium consulate Cicero murdered
44- Caesar is assassinated by those wanting to restore the Republic
37-14AD- Nero
31 - Battle of Actium Octavian defeats Anthony
30 - Suicide of Anthony and Cleopatra
Egypt becomes a providence of Roman Empire
27- Golden age of Rome (Pax Romana) and Imperial Period begin
23 - Augustus makes himself 1st emporer of Rome
13-9- Ara Pacis is built (Rome)
10 - Roman architect Vitruvius describes crane
4 - Birth of Christ
AD
1-476- Early Christian period (MA)
14- Augustus dies (Rome)
30 - Jesus choose his disciples
33 - Jesus Crusified for treason (Rome)
40-81 Titus
41-54 – Claudius
53-119- Trajan
59 - Nero orders mother Agrippinia murdered
64 - Rome burns 9 days
Nero persecutes Christians
68 - Death of Nero
70 - Temple at Jeruselum destroyed
79- Mt Vesuvius erupts, destroying Pompeii and Herculaneum
79-81 - Emperor Titus
79 - Vesusiuv destroyed Pompeii
Herculaneum and Staviae
81 - death of Titus
Arch of Titus is constructed (Rome)
96-180- Roman Empire reaches height of prosperity
98-117- Rule of Trajan; Trajan’s column is constructed (106-113) (Rome)
117-138- Rule of Hadrian; Hadrian’s wall is built (ca A.D. 120) (Rome)
121-180- Marcus Aurelius
135- Hadrian’s Hunting Memorial is erected; Temple of Venus is constructed (Rome)
150 - Ptolemy writes about movements of the stars and planets
161- Marcus Aurelius becomes emperor (Rome)
180- Commodus begins tyrannical rule; finishes Aurelius’s column; Pax Romana ends (Rome)
193-284- Title of emperor changes many hands; breakdown of Roman Empire is hastened
ca 200- Roman Empire reaches its high point (Rome)
203- Arch of Septimus Severus is erected (Rome)
272-337- Constantine the Great
285-305- Dioclentian
286- Diocletian divides Roman Empire into East and West
306 - Constantine the great emporer in the east (Rome)
312-315- Arch of Constantine is built (Rome)
313 - Constantine the Great issue Edict of Milan; establishes freedom of worship (Rome)
Toleration for Christians at Milan
324- Constantine reunites the Empire (Rome)
325- First council of Nicea
330 - Constantine founded Constantinople
337- Constantine dies; Empire is redivided (Rome)
386-St. Augustine Converts to Christianity
392- Christianity becomes official religion of Roman Empire
394-410- Alaric the Visigoth
395- Empire is split for last time (Rome)
400-1000- Barbarian Invasion and Vikings
4th c – Work begins on Old St. Peter’s in Rome (MA)
411- St. Augustine writes The City of God (MA)
416- Visigoths invade Spain (MA)
427-477- Genseric the Vandal
434-453 - Reign of Attila the Hun
450’s-Angles, Saxons, and Jutes settle in Britain (MA)
451 - Attila and the Huns invade Gaul (MA)
The Council of Chalcedon
452- Venice is founded (MA)
475-526- Theodoric the Ostrogoth
476 - Romulus Augustus last emperor of Rome
Rome end of the western empire; Middle Ages begin; "Dark Ages" begin soon after
480- Franks establish kingdom in Gaul (MA)
481-511- Clovis
490- Ostrogoths establish kingdom in Italy (MA
526-547- San Vitale is built in Ravenna, Italy (MA)
527-565- Justinian the Great
532-537- Hagia Sophia is built in Constantinople (MA)
533- Justinian codifies Roman laws
540- St. Benedict and Monasticism
542- Plague spreads throughout Europe
542-546 - Plague spreads in Byzantine empire
543- Earthquakes are felt around the world
570-632- Mohammed and Islam
600 - Mayan civilization flourishes in Central American
613-640 - Pepin I mayor of the palace
650- Suy Dynasty
687-714 - Pepin II
700- T’ang Dynasty
714-814- Chales martel, Pepin the Short and Charlemagne
741-768 - Pepin III King
761-814 - Reign of Charlemagne King of France
768-814- Charlemagne
772 - Charlemagne conquers Saxony in
Germany and converts it to
Christianity
786-809- Harun-Al-Rashid
793-900 - Great Viking raids on British Isle
800 - Charlemagne reigns Holy Roman Emperor and unites Europe
800-850 – Feudalism; Manor and feudal systems spread; Magyars and Muslims invade Europe’
Vikings raid northern Europe
802-837- Egbert the Saxon
871-899- Alfred the Great
919-936- Henry the Prowler
?-931- Rollo the Viking
936-937- Otto I, the Great
950- Sung Dynasty
962- Otto is crowned Holy Roman Emperor (MA)
1000’s- Europe’s population increases due to advances in food production; towns begin to develop
1000-1200- High Middle Ages ends "Dark Ages" Byzantine Empire becomes
cultural center for Christian world (MA)
1014-1035- Canute the Great
1040-1099- El Cid
1042-1066- Edward the Confessor
1050-1115- Peter the Hermit
1054- Final split between Eastern and Western Christianity (MA)
1066- William the Conqueror defeats King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings (MA)
1066-1087- William the Conqueror
1096-13th c.- Crusades are fought (Jerusalem taken 1099) (MA)
1096- First Crusade
1152-1190- Frederick Barbarossa
1147- 2nd Crusade
1150- Kin Dynasty
1182-1224- St. Francis of Assisi
1189-1216- Henry the Second
1189- 3rd Crusade
1100’s- Italian merchants develop system of investment and credit;
merchants establish trade routs between northern Europe, Scandinavia, and Russia
1120-1132- St. Lazare, Autun, a Romanesque cathedral, is built (MA)
1155- Hippocratic Oath adopted by Italian physicians (MA)
Genghis Khan born
1163- Notre Dame, Paris, is begun in new Gothic style (MA)
1170-1221- St. Dominic
1170- Thomas a Becket murdered at Canterbury
1182- 1226- St. Francis
1187- Muslims under Saladin retake Jerusalem
1204- 4th Crusade attacks, takes Constantinople
1215- Magna Carta sealed by King John
1226-1270- Louis the Ninth
1237- Mongols conquer Russia
1254-1324- Marco Polo
1258- British house of Commons established
1267-1336- Giotto
1271- Marco Polo arrives in China
1272- Thomas Aquinas’s summa Theologica published
1296-1300- Giotto paints frescoes about St. Francis (IR)
13th c- Cathedral at Rheims is built in Gothic style
1300’s- National states form in Europe
1300-1517- The Renaissance
1300-1376- William Tell
Arnold Von Winkelried
1304-1374- Petrarch
1306-1329- Robert Bruce
1309- 1378- Babylonian Captivity
1314-1321- Dante writes the Divine Comedy (IR)
1321- Dante’s Divine Comedy published
1330-1376- Edward the Black Prince
1330-1384- John Wyclif
1333-1405- Tamerlane
1337-1453- England and France fight Hundred Years War; English burn French patriot Joan of Arc at the stake,
causing the French to rally and push English out of France
1339-1453- Hundred Year War in England
1340- English author Geoffrey Chaucer is born
1347-1349- Black death kills ½ of Enlish population
c.1360- Petrarch, an Italian scholar, develops the ideal of humanism (IR)
1368- Ming Dynasty established in China
1374-1415- Jan Hus
1377-1446- Filippo Brunelleschi
1378-1417- The Great Schism (Italy)
1380- John Wyclife and John Huss
1386-1466- Donatello
1387- Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales published
1389-1464- Cosimo d’ Medici
1394-1460- Prince Henry the Navigator
1400’s Muslim and Italian merchants monopolize trade between Europe and Asia; Columbus reaches
the New World; Dias sails around the tip of Africa
1400-1468- Gutenberg
1403-1404- Lorenzo Ghiberti works on first set of bronze doors for Baptistery in Florence
1407-1457- Lorenzo Valla
Joan of Arc
1413-1422- Henry V
1414- Publication of Thomas Kempiss’s Imifation of Christ
1428-1471- Warwich the Kingmaker
1434- Cosimo de Medici becomes ruler of Florence
1441- Portugese navigators begin slave trade
1445-1510- Sandro Botticelli
1449-1492- Lorenzo d’ Medici
c. 1450- The printing press is invented (IT)
1452-1498- Girolamo Savonarola
1452-1519- Leonardo da Vinci
1453- Gutenberg Bible printed using moveable type
Turks conquer Constantinople and end of Byzantine Empire
Fall of Constantinople to Mohammed II
War of the Roses (England)
1466-1536- Erasmus
1469-1492- Lorenzo de Medici rules Florence (IT)
1469-1527- Niccoli Machiavelli
1471-1528- Albrecht Durer
1473-1543- Copernicus
1475-1507- Cesare Borgia
1475-1564- Michelangelo Buonarroti
1475-1521- Leo X ( Giovanni de Medici)
1477-1535- Thomas More
1478- Spanish Inquisition begins
1483-1542- Martin Luther
1484-1531- Ulrich Zwingli
1485-1540- Thomas Cromwell
1487- Portugese sail to South America
1489- Savonarola preaches moral reforms in Florence (IT)
1489-1556- Thomas Cranmer
1490-1527- Michael Sattler
1490-1525- Thomas Muntzer
1491-1547- Henry VIII
1492- Columbus discovers America
1493- Maximilian (Germany)
1493-1506- Ancient Roman paintings and sculptures are discovered at Rome (IT)
1495-1536- William Tyndale
1496-1561- Melchior Hoffman
Jan Matthys
Menno Simons
1497- Vasco de Gamma discovers sea route to India (IT)
1497-1603- Explorers of the Northeast: Carter, Champlain, and Cabot
1498-1526- Conrad Grebel
1500’s- Spanish royalty becomes wealthiest rulers in Europe due to riches found in New World
1500-1558- Charles V
1503- Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa is painted(IT)
1508-1513- Michelangelo begins Sistine Chapel (IT)
1509- John Calvin
1509- Henry VIII becomes king of England
1510-1590- Ambroise Pare
1513- Ponce de Leon discovers Florida
Balboa discovers Pacific Ocean
1513-1538- Cortes, deSoto, Cornonado the Spanish explorers
1514-1564- Andreas Vesalius
1514-1572- John Knox
1516-1556- Charles V (Germany)
1517- Protestant Reformation begins Luther’s 95 These begins the Reformation
Spanish conquistadors land in Mexico, begin conquest of the Aztecs and centrral America
1519-1522- Magellan circumnavigates the globe
1525- Anabaptist "Swiss Brethren" organized in Zurich; William Tyndale’s English Bible printed in Germany
1527- Emperor Charles V sacks Rome and imprisons the Pope
1531- Henry VIII becomes "Supreme Head" of the church in England
1532- Machiavelli’s The Prince published
1534- Luther’s German Bible is published
1534-1541 Michelangelo paints The Last Judgment
1536- Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion published
1540- Society of Jesus is founded
1541-John Knox leads Calvinist Reformation in Scotland
1542- Portugese traders and Jesuit missionaries arrive in Japan
1543- Copernicus publishes Revolutions of Heavenly Orbs
1545-1563- Catholic Counter-Reformation, begun at Council of Trent, continues.
1546- Mercator states that the earth has a magnetic pole
1558- Elizabeth I crowned Queen of England
1560- John Knox the Scottish reformer
1561- Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher and proponent of scientific inductive reasoning, is born
1563- General outbreak of the Black Plague in Europe
1564-1642- Galileo Galilei
1564- William Shakespeare and Galileo Galilei (Italian astronomer and physicist) are born
1566- Netherland’s revolt against Spain begins
1571-1630- Johannes Kepler
1578-1657- William Harvey
1585- Raleigh Settles Roanoke
1588- English navy defeats Spanish Armada
1572- St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre in Paris- 2,000 Protestants killed
1577- Sir Francis Drake begins around-the-world cruise
1582- Gregorian calendar adopted
1596- Galileo invents the thermometer
1588- Spanish Armada destroyed in the English Channel
1598- Edict of Nates legalizes Protestantism in France
1598-1680-Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini, Italian sculptor/ architect lives (B)
1602- Dutch East India Company founded
1605- Cervantes’s Don Quixote published
1607- First permanent English settlement in American at Jamestown
1608- Galileo constructs astronomical telescope
1611- Authorized "King James" Bible published
1613-1643- Moteverdi is choirmaster at St. Mark’s, Venice
1616- Shakespeare dies
1618-1648- Thirty Years War is fought
1619- Harvey discovers the circulation of the blook
1620- Pilgrims on Mayflower land at Plymouth
1622-1625- Rubens paints the Marie de Medici murals (B)
1623- Velasquez is appointed court painter (B)
First patent law enacted in England
1626- Peter Minuit buys Manhattan Island from Indians for the equivalent of $24.00
1630- Massachusetts Bay Puritan colony founded
1631-1669- Rembrandt paints in Amsterdam (B)
1632-1723- Antony Van Leeuwenhock
1636- Roger Williams establishes "free" Baptist colony at Providence
1642- English Civil War begins
1642-1727- Isaac Newton
1643- Louis XIV, the "Sun King", begins his reign
1646- Westminister Assembly adopts Confession of Faith
1648-Taj Mahal completed in Agra, India
1649- Charles I beheaded
1653- Oliver Cromwell becomes "Lord Protector" of England
1653-1713- Corelli
1661-1688 Versailles Palace is built
1663- John Newton invents differential calculus
1665- Isaac Newton invents differential calculus
1675- Christopher Wren begins reconstruction of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London
1675-1741- Vivaldi
1678- John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress published
1685-1750- Bach
1685-1759- Handel
1685- Louis XIV revokes Edict of Nantes; religious violence resumes
1685-1750- Composer Johann Sabastian Bach lives
1687- Newton’s Principia is published
1688- London underwriters begin meeting at Lloyd’s Coffee House
1689- Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia; first modern trade fair held at Leiden, Holland
1692- Salem Witch Trials
1694-1778- Voltaire lives (E)
1695- English government ends press censorship
1699-1779- J.B.S. Chardin lives (E)
1700- Manchu Dynasty (China)
1702- First daily newspaper, The Courant, begins publication in London
1706-1790- Benjamin Franklin
1715- Louis XIV dies; Enlightenment era begins
1715-1774- Louis XV reigns as King of France
1724- Paris Bourse (stock market) established
Jonathon Swift publishes Gulliver’s Travels
1730- Methodist denomination founded by Wesleys
1732-1809- Haydn
1732-1799- George Washington
1735-1826- James Adams
1740-1786- Frederick the Great reigns as King of Prussia
1740-1742- The Great Awakening
1741-1828- J.A. Houdon lives
1741- Jonathan Edwards preaches "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"—Great Awakening in New England;
Handel’s Messiah composed
1743-1794- Antoine Lavoisier
1743-1826- Thomas Jefferson
1745-1827- Alessandor Volta
1749-1823- Edward Jenner
1751-1836- James Madison
1751-1768- Diderot’s Encyclopedia is published
1754-1763-The French and Indian Wars
1755-Lisbon earthquake kills 30,000
1756-1763- Seven Years’ War is fought
1756-1791 W.A. Mozart
1757-1827- William Blake
1758-1831- James Monroe
1759- Voltaire publishes Candide
1762- Rousseau publishes Social Contract
Rousseau writes Emile
1765-1825- Robert Fulton
Eli Whitney
1767-1845- Andrew Jackson
1767-1848- John Quincy Adams
1769- Watt invents steam engine
1770- Ludwig von Beerhoven is born in Bonn; Boston Massaaacre;
Captain James Cook discovers Botany Bay, Australia
1771- Encyclopedia Britannica published
1773-1841- William Henry Harrison
1774- First Continental Congress
1774-1792- Louis XVI reigns as King of France
1775-1783- The American Revolution
1775- James Watt perfects the steam engine
British lose at Bunker Hill
1776- American Declaration of Independence is adopted
1776-1783- War of American Independence is fought
1776- Adam Smith publishes The Wealth of a Nation
1777-1778- Winter at Valley Forge
1779-The Industrial Revolution begins
1779-1863- Clement C. Moore
1780-1865- Slavery in the South
1781- British surrender at Yorktown, ending war
1782-1862- Martin VanBuren
1782-1866- Ann Taylor
1783-Beetoven’s first works are printed Mozart composes Mass in C Minor
British recognizes U.S. independence at the Peace of Versailles
1784-1850- Zachary Taylor
1788- Wilberforce introduces parliamentary motion to ban the slave trade; U.S. Constitution ratified
1789- The Enlightenment ends; the Bastille is stormed; French Revolution begins;
Romantic era begins; Washington becomes U.S. first president; first steam-driven cotton
Mill opens in Manchester, England
1790-1862- John Tyler
1791- U.S. Bill of Rights (First 10 Amendments) ratified
1791-1867- Michael Faraday
1791-1868-James Buchanan
1791-1872- Samuel Morse
1793- Eli Whitney invents cotton gin
1795-1849- James K. Polk
1796- Edward Jenner introduces vaccination against smallpox
1797-1869- Schubert
1799- French Revolution ends; Napoleon overthrows the Directory and becomes First Consul of France
1799- Rosetta Stone found in Egypt
1799-1830-The Second Great Awakening
1799-1815- Napoleonic Wars allow Napoleon to dominate Europe
1800-1860- Charles Goodyear
1800-1874- Millard Fillmore
1800- Napoleon establishes the Bank of France
1800-1815- Beethoven’s second and most productive period; writes "Moonlight" sonata
1802- Napoleon becomes First Consul for life; puts down revolution in Haiti
1803- Haiti gains independence; France sells Louisiana Purchase to U.S. to acquire money for wars in Europe
1803-1869- Berlioz
1804-1869- Franklin Pierce
1804- Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of France; establishes first French empire
1805- British win naval battle of Trafalgar
1806- Prussia declares war on France
Lewis and Clark Expedition begins
1806-1836- Arc de Triomphe is erected
1807-1882- Henry Longfellow
1807- Robert Fulton’s steam paddle wheeler Claremont sails the Hudson River; England prohibits the slave trade.
1808-1830- Independence movements in Latin America
1808-1832- Goethe writes Faust
1808-1875- Andrew Johnson
1809-1847- Mendelssohn
1809-1865- Abraham Lincoln
1809-1882- Charles Darwin
1809-1884- Cyrus McCormick
1810-1856- Schuman
1810-1849- Chopin
1811- Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility published
1812- U.S. declared War on Britain war of 1812
1812-1888- Edward Lear
1813-1901- Verdi
1813-1901- Wagner
1814- Napoleon is exiled
George Stephenson constructs the first practical steam locomotive; U.S.- Britain War ends with
Treaty of Ghent
1815- Napoleon defeated by Wellington at Waterloo
1817- Simon Bolivar establishes the independent nation of Venezuela
1818- Napier constructs the flat-bed press
1819-1868- William Morton
1819-1875- Charles Kingsley
1820- Missouri Compromise
1821- Farraday discover the fundamentals of electromagnetism
1822-1885- Ulysses Grant
1822-1893- Rutherford B. Hayes
1822-1895 Louis Pasteur
1823- Monroe Doctrine
1823- Byron begins Don Juan
1824-1889- William Allinghan
1824- Delacroix paints Incidents from the Massacre at Chios
Beethoven’s 9th symphony performed in Vienna
Simon Bolivar proclaimed Emperor of Peru
1825-1883- Strauss
1826-1901- Foster
1827-1912- Joseph Lister
1830- The Cotton Gin Establishes the South
The Cherokee Trail of Tears
First sewing machine invented by Thimonnier in Paris
1831-1881- James A. Garfield
1831- Hugo writes the Hunchback of Notre Dame
Charles Darwin sails in the Beagle to South America, New Zealand, and Australia
1832-1898- James Carroll
1833-1897- Brahms
1833-1901- Benjamin Harrison
1834-Charles Babbage develops the principal behind modern computers: McCormick patents the reaper
1835- The Alamo
1836- Constable paints Stoke-byNayland; Cole paints The Oxbow
1837-1908- Grover Cleveland
1837-1901- Victorian age in Great Britain
1836- Victoria becomes Queen of England; Samuel Morse demonstrated the electric telegraph
1839-Charles Goodyear invents "vulcanization " of rubber
1840-1893- Tchaikosky
1840-1914- John P Holland
1841-1904- Dvorak
1841- Dumas writes Three Musketeers
Westward expansion
1843-1907- Grigg
1845-1932- Sousa
ca. 1845- Romantic Period ends and Pre-Modern Era begins
1846- U.S. declared war on Mexico-gains California, Arizona, New Mexico
1847-1931- Thomas Alva Edison
1847-1922- Alexander Graham Bell
1848- Communist Manifesto issued by Marx and Engels
1849- Dicken’s David Copperfield published
49ers and the California Gold Rush
1849-1916- James Riley
1849-1926- Luther Burbank
1850-1894- Robert L Stevenson
1850-1895- Eugene Field
1850-1943- Laura Richards
1850- Public libraries established in Britain
Opening the Oregon Territory
1850s- European nations begin imperialistic moves into Africa, Asia, and the Middle East
1851-1902- Reed Walter
1851-1929- Emile Berliner
1851- First World’s Fair, London
1854- The Crimean War (Turkey, Britain, France vs. Russia)
1856-1924- Woodrow Wilson
1857- First safety elevator developed and installed by E.G. Otis
1857-1930- William Taft
1858- Empire builder, Great Britain, takes over direct rule of India
1858-1919- Theodore Roosevelt
1859-Charles Dickens writes Tale of Two Cities
Darwin’s Origin of Species published’ first oil well drilled at Titusville, Pa
1860-1861 Charles Dickens writes Great Expectations
1861-1865- United States fights Civil War
1861- Italy unites under Victor Emmanuel
1862- Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation
1863- Manet paints Dejeunner sur l’Herbe; U.S. President Lincoln delivers Gettysburg Address
1864- Louis Pasteur invents "pasteurization" process
1864-1943- George Washington Carver
1865-1923- Haring Warren
1865- U.S. President Lincoln assassinated
U.S. Civil war ends with defeat of secessionist South
Joseph Lister initiates antiseptic surgery
1865-1870- Reconstructing the South
1866- Nobel invents dynamite
1867- Karl Marx’s Das Kapital published
1867-1934- Marie Curie
1867-1948- Wright Brothers
1869- Suez Canal opened
Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad
1870-1953- Hilaire Belloc
1870-1871- German Empire unites under Kaiser Wilhelm I
Franco-Prussian War brings end to 2nd Empire-France becomes a republic
1870-1900- The Age of Industry
1870-1890-Cowboys and West
1871-1948- Thomas Daly
1872-1933- Calvin Coolidge
1873-1956- Walter John De La Mare
1874-1964- Herbert Hoover
1875-1963- Robert Frost
1876- Alexander Graham Bell invents a practical telephone
Stanley finds Livingston in Africa
The Battle of Little Big Horn
1877- Monet paints Old St. Lazare Station
Edison invents phonograph
1878-? Carl Sandburg
1879- Thomas A Edison invents the first electric light
1879-1931- Nicholas Lindsay
1880-1958- Alfred Noyes
1880- Dostoyevsky’s The Brothers Karamzov published
1881-1973- Pablo Picasso, artist and popularizer of Cubism, lives
1881-?- Eleanor Farjeon
1881-1955- Alexander Flemming
1882-1945- Franklin D Roosevelt
1882-1956- Alan Alexander Milne
1882- Composers Tchaikovsky, Gounod, Rimsky-Korsakov, Gilber and Sullivan, and Wagner produce major works
1884-1972- Harry Truman
1884- Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn published
1886- Seurat paints Sunday Afternoon
1887-1889- Alexandre Gustave Eiffel builds Eiffel Tower
Leo Tolstoy writes Power of Darkness
Eastman perfects the "Kodak" box camera
1890-1969- Dwight D. Eisenhower
Construction of the Trans-Siberian railroad beginsRudolf Diesel patents the internal combustion engineHenry Ford builds his first car; German Karl Benz constructs his four-wheel car
1894-1942- Rachel Field
Roentgen invents X-rays; Marconi invents radio telegraphy
Theodor Herzl publisher The Jewish State-beginning of modern Zionism
1896- William McKinley elected 25th President in US
Chinese rebel against foreign influence in China
United States declared war on Spain, takes Philippines, Puerto Rico, et.al.-becomes world power
Count Zeppelin builds his lighter-than-air ship
1898-1976- Alexander Calder, creator of moving sculpture (mobiles) lives
1898-1943- Stephen Vincent Benet
1898- H.G. Wells writes "War of the World"
Spanish American War
Pierre and Marie Curie discover radium and polonium
1899- John Dewey writes School and Society
1900- Max Planck formulates quantum theory; Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams
1900- Fin de siecle—the end of an age—is celebrated
Immigration to America
Commonwealth of Australia created
First Browning revolver manufactured
Fessenden transmits human speech via radio waves
Arthur Evan’s excavations in Crete (disc. Minoan cultuture 1908)
1900-1991- Composer Aaron Copeland lives
Marconi transmits a radio message across the Atlantic
US president McKinely assassinated by anarchist
Treaty on building Panama Canal under US supervision
Social Revolutionay Party founded in Russia
1902- US acquires perpetual control over Panama Canal
1903-Wright Brothers fly at Kitty Hawk
Alaska Frontier is settled
1904- Russo-Japanese War
Theodore Roosevelt wins US presidential election
Deaf and blind Helen Keller is graduated from Radcliffe College
1905- Debussy composes La Mer
Einstein formulated the "Special Theory of Relativity"
Boy Scouts founded by Baden-Powell
Oklahoma becomes 46th state of the US
1908- Grover Clevelnad US President
1908-1973- Lyndon B Johnson
Ford "Model T" first produced
Robert Peary reaches the North Pole
c. 1909- Futurism begins in Italy
1910-Japan annexes Korea
1911-? Ronald Reagan
Roald Amundsen reaches the South Pole; Chinese Republic established
Titanic sinks
Jim Thorpe and the Olympics
1912-1956- Abstract Expressionist Jackson Polock lives
1913-?- Gerald Ford
Woodrow Wilson 28th president US
Zippers become popular
1913-1994- Richard Nixon
1913- U.S. Federal income tax established (16th Amendment); Henry Ford starts assembly-line manufacturing
1914- Panama Canal opened
1914-1917- World War I is fought
1915- Dadaism begins
Alexander Graham Bell makes first trans-continental phone call;
Einstein postulates his "General Theory of Relativity"
1917- U.S. enters world war; Russian Revolution- Czar abdicates,
Lenin becomes Chief Commissar
1917-1963- John F. Kennedy
World War I ends as Germany surrenders
1920-1929- The roaring twenties
League of Nations established; 19th amendment establishes women’s suffrage in the U.S.Mussolini forms fascist government in Italy; insulin first administered to diabetics;
Turkish Republic proclaimed by Ataturk
1924-?- James Carter
1924-?- George Bush
1925- Scopes "Monkey Trial" in Dayton, Tenn.
1925- surrealists hold first cooperative exhibit
Robert Goddard launches first liquid-fuel rocket
1928- Amelia Earhart is first woman to fly across the Atlantic
1929- First scheduled TV broadcast in Schnectady, N.Y.
1929- The Great Depression begins after U.S. stock market crashes
Construction of the Empire State Building begins
J.M. Keynes writes Treatise on Money
1933-1945-Great Depression
Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of GermanyBritish develop radar
First jet engine built
Germany invades Poland- World War II begins;
Winston Churchill becomes prime minister of Britain
1939-1945- World War II is fought; ends with explosion of atomic bomb in Japan
1940-1950’s-Abstract Expressionism develops; Red scare leads to Color War the lasts over 40 years.
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor-U.S. enters war
Enrico Fermi splits the atom; first automatic computer developed in U.S.
First U.S. jet plane tested by Bell Aircraft; C.S. Lewis Screwtape Letters published
Penicillin used to treat chronic diseases
D-Day Landing allies in Normandy
Hitler commits suicide, Germany surrenders; atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Japan surrenders
1946-?- William Clinton
First electronic digital computer is builtChurchill delivers "Iron Curtain" speech; United Nations establishedBritish India divided into India and Pakistan and granted independence by Britain;Dead Sea Scrolls found in PalestineIsrael established by UN-Arabs attack; Kinsey Report on human sexuality publishedCommunists under Mao Tse-tung gain control of China; Nato alliance formed by U.S.and western European nations to counter USSR aggression.
1950’s- Pop art begins
North Korea invades South Korea- U.S. comes to the aid of the south;
Electric power produced by atomic energy; Ludwig Von Mises writes Socialism:
An Economic and Sociological Analysis
1950-1953- Korean Conflict is fought
1952- Korean Armistice signed at Panmunjom; Mt. Everest climbed by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay
U.S. Supreme Court outlaws school segregation ( Brown vs. Board of Education)
World Council of Churches formed; Salk polio vaccine administered;
Nuclear submarine launched by U.S.
1955- Rosa Parks refuses to move to the rear of a bus-Civil Rights movement begins
USSR invades Hungary-crushes anti-Communist rebellion; Churchill publishes his History of the
English Speaking Peoples; Britain, France, and Israel invade Egypt to protect canal
USSR launches Sputnik-first earth satellite; European Common Market established
Fidel Castro gains control of Cuba and expropriates U.S. property; Charles DeGaulle
Becomes president under 5th French Republic
1955-1965- France, Great Britain, and Belgium lose their colonial empires in violent independence movements in
1960 - Asia and AfricaFrank Lloyd Wright designs the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New YorkUSSR sends first man into orbit, US sends first man into space; Belgian Congo gains independenceCuban Missile CrisisCivil Rights " March on Washington" led by Martin Luther King; Michael DeBakey uses an artificial heart for the first time; nuclear test ban treaty signed by U.S., U.S.S.R, and BritainPresident John F. Kennedy assassinated in Dallas
1965- U.S. involvement in Vietnam war escalates; Medicare established in U.S.
1966- Martin Luther King shot to death in Memphis, Tenn.
Arabs attack Israel and lose West Bank, Sinai in six-day war"Czech Spring" liberalization crushed by USSR
1969- Americans land on the moon Apollo 11, Neil Armstrong first man to walk on moon
1972- Dow Jones Industrial Average passes 1000 for the first time
1973- Roe vs. Wade decision by U.S. Supreme Court legalizes abortion;
renewed Arab-Israeli War-Israel takes Golan Heights
South Vietnam collapses, U.S. evacuates
British scientists report complete "gene mapping’ of a living organism
"Test tube baby born in England; Polish Cardinal Karol Wojtyla becomes Pope John Paul II-
first non-Italian to be pope in 456 years
Ayatollah Khomeini leads Iranian revolution-over 100 U.S. citizens taken hostage as Muslims raid U.S.
Embassy in Tehran; Margaret Thatcher becomes British primeminister; USSR invades Afghanistan1979-1981 Iranians hold 59 American hostages
Ronald Reagan elected U.S. president; Iraq invades Iran, begins eight –year stalemate war
IBM makes first "personal computer"
Falklands War-Britain repulses Argentine invasion
1983- Maya Lin complete the Vietnam Veterans Memorial "Wall"
Compact disc first sold
1984- Apple Macintosh with a "mouse" is first marketed; AIDS virus discovered
1986- Space shuttle Challenger explodes, killing seven
1988- Soviet troops begin withdrawl from Afghanistan
1989- Berlin Wall demolished; non-Communist government in power in poland;
Romanian Communist government falls; free government established in Hungary; Chinese troops
Massacre student protesters in Tiananmen Square in Beijing
1990- Nelson Mandela freed from 25 years imprisonment; Iraq invades Kuwait;
East and West Germany are reunified
1991- Operation Desert Storm is fought in Middle East; USSR collapses- Cold War ends;
U.S. and allies invade Iraq (Gulf War)
1995- NATO troops enter Bosnia as "peacekeepers", Nelson Mandela elected president of South Africa
1997- Britain returns Hong Kong colony to China
1998- Former Soviet-bloc members Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland join NATO alliance;
Clinton is first elected U.S. president to be impeached
1999- "EURO" common currency and multinational central bank established by EEC countries;
NATO air forces attack Serbia over Kosovo "ethnic cleansing"